SS-31 (elamipretide) is a tetrapeptide that concentrates inside the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin. In September 2025 it became the first mitochondria-targeted drug the FDA has ever approved, cleared under accelerated approval as Forzinity for Barth syndrome. Everything outside that one indication, including the longevity interest, is still research territory.
- First mitochondria-targeted drug ever approved by the FDA, granted accelerated approval as Forzinity on September 19, 2025.FDA label (Forzinity)
- Reached commercial availability in December 2025.Complete Peptide Guide
- Concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin.Complete Peptide Guide
- Trials describe it as very well tolerated, with local site reactions the main observation.Complete Peptide Guide
- Dry AMD, geographic atrophy and primary mitochondrial myopathy remain trial-stage, not approved.Complete Peptide Guide